All Information About planet Earth

All Information About planet Earth, Earth is one of the planets of the solar system , and it is the only planet known in the solar system to have life

Planet earth

Earth is one of the planets of the solar system , and it is the only planet known in the solar system to have life on it, and the third planet is in its distance from the sun, and the distance between them is 150 million kilometers. The planet needs 365.25 days to orbit the sun , and the earth travels in space at a speed of 108 thousand kilometers per hour, which makes it a spaceship that travels around the vast space. The diameter of the Earth is 12,756 kilometers, and it is made of iron and nickel, which puts it in a large magnetic field. Earth is surrounded by an atmosphere that protects the earth from harmful sun rays and meteorites, and the atmosphere is composed mostly of nitrogen by 78%, followed by oxygen by 21%.

The formation of the planet

The earth was composed of dust and rocks called rocky asteroids, and due to the exchange of gravity between them, it was formed from one large piece called the planet, and its proximity to the sun consisted of flaming and melted rocks, and by the action of the large bodies that collided with the Earth, some flaming rocks separated from it, which formed it. Then the Earth gradually cooled, forming continents and oceans. As a result of all the conditions that occurred on the earth from the tremors resulting from the collisions with the planet, nickel and iron moved to the interior of the earth, and the ground remained to boil while its surface cooled and a thin, unstable crust filled with volcanoes was formed. Because of the volcanoes, a cover of toxic gases, including methane, hydrogen, and ammonia, spread around the earth, and when the rains fell, the air became clean and the oceans formed . 

Life on planet earth

What distinguishes the planet is its suitability for life , as it is the only inhabited planet according to the discovery of man, and it is the planet that contains the lineage of people and everything we know of plants and animals, and it is characterized by a moderate and acceptable climate for the continuation of life, and it is one of the few planets that contain water. As scientists discover the beginning of the emergence of life on Earth, it became clear to them that life appeared earlier than they previously knew, as it was known that it appeared 3.8 billion years ago, but with recent discoveries made by the University of California, it was found that life existed on Earth 4.1 billion years ago. 

The components of the planet Earth

Scientists have deduced from seismic waves on the thickness and content of the inner layers of the Earth , by studying the bounce of these seismic waves. The scientists concluded that the center of the globe consists of an inner core and above it an outer core, and this nucleus is found at a depth of up to 5 thousand kilometers, and is composed of iron crystals. The outer layer of the Earth is called the crust. Research and experiments are still ongoing to obtain more details about the Earth's interior to find out how it arose. 

gravity

Planet Earth, in addition to all of the above, is characterized by the existence of Earth's gravity . This topic has occupied the thinking of many scientists, such as Aristotle, Galileo, and finally, Isaac Newton, who arrived at Earth's gravity in 1686. Gravity is due to the fact that the Earth's components, including air, living organisms, and inanimate objects, do not fly into space. 

The components of the Earth's outer surface

The surface of the planet Earth is widely diversified among mountains, rivers, oceans, continents, plants, and other great diversity in each region, and planet Earth is the only known planet that has land and water together on its surface; The water content on it is 71%, and the land is 29%. The pieces of land on the planet are called continents , while the waters are called oceans. The continent of Asia is the largest continent with 30% of the land area on the planet, followed by Africa, which occupies 23% of the total land area. As for the oceans, which are the largest bodies on the surface of the earth, 97% of the amount of water on the surface of the earth collects, and these oceans are separated by the masses of the continents between them.

On planet Earth there are 5 oceans of different sizes, which are the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Arctic Ocean, and the Antarctic Ocean. The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean by area, and it is also the largest of all the continents in common, as it contains more than half of the water on the planet, and is located between the continents of America, Asia and Australia. As for other small bodies of water, they are called seas, lakes, and bays.

Atmosphere

Planet Earth has a distinct atmosphere that is able to protect the planet and provide ways of life. Scientists divided the atmosphere into four layers as a result of their difference in temperature and pressure, and these layers according to their arrangement from closest to the surface of the earth to the farthest are:

• The troposphere : It is the layer of the lower atmosphere, and it starts from the surface of the earth up to a height of 12 km, and its thickness is greater at the poles. The higher the rise in this layer, the lower the temperature, and this explains the reason for the decrease in temperature in the mountainous heights . Despite its low thickness compared to other layers, its density and mass are higher between layers. This is a result of the high pressure that falls on it. In this layer, different atmospheric fluctuations occur. 
• The Stratosphere: It is the layer above the troposphere, and it extends from 16-50 km. In contrast to the troposphere, its temperature rises with altitude. Airplanes fly in this layer; Because it tops the layer of atmospheric changes, and it has constant horizontal winds. And the ozone layer is located in this layer. 
• The mesosphere : It is the third layer, and it extends from 50-80 km, and temperatures decrease as the height above the earth's surface increases. 
• The Thermosphere : It is the last layer of the atmosphere, and it extends from 80-640 km. The temperature in it decreases as the height above the earth's surface, which is the layer in which the ionosphere is located, in which the ions are present.